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Mainly due to these limiting measurement factors, until recently, only two reports have been published of smoke particles below 100 nm in diameter. Particles consequently agglomerate substantially before measurement, apart from evaporation, condensation, diffusion and (gravitational) sedimentation. Limitations of measurement techniques include low time resolution, aerosol (ageing) dynamics and high particle concentrations, which cause the need for (possibly time-delaying) dilution. Techniques that analyse smoke constituents more specifically and usually in relation to tar yields include single constituent analyses and size-resolved particle distributions by different spectrometry methods. Several techniques that characterise cigarette smoke have been reviewed during the last century, including the current method to categorise cigarettes by tar, nicotine and carbon monoxide content. We recommend to further study nanoparticles in the characterisation of cigarette smoke.Ĭigarette smoke is a complex mixture of potentially pathogenic smoke constituents, including particulate matter, volatile substances and gasses. Fresh undiluted cigarette smoke contains large amounts of potentially toxic nanoparticles <50 nm. Nanoparticle counts appear to increase with particle size, claimed tar values and blocking of filter ventilation holes, and inversely with butt length.
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The highest mean yield was 8.8 × 10 9 (SD = 1.1 × 10 9) particles per cigarette at the largest particle size range by high-tar cigarettes. The formation of nanoparticles in fresh cigarette smoke was observed over the entire range between 6 and 50 nm, and reproduced in all cigarettes.
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We tested six different cigarettes (1–10 mg tar per cigarette) at ten particle size-ranges between 6 and 50 nm, and repeated measurements five times. Cigarettes were smoked by 2 s puffs, 30 s puff intervals and 50 ml puff volume. We measured undiluted smoke particles real-time by a scanning mobility particle sizer with Faraday cup electrometer, integrated in our custom-made smoking machine. Since descriptions of ultrafine particles <50 nm are absent, our aim was to explore the existence of these nanoparticles in fresh and undiluted cigarette smoke. Tech., 27, 215-223, 1997.Cigarette smoke is a complex mixture of smoke constituents, often characterised by size-resolved particle distributions. Berg: Determination of Differential Mobility Analyzer Transfer Functions Using Identical Instruments in Series. Wiedensohler: Design of a DMA-based size spectrometer for a large particle size range and stable operation. Schladitz, A., Merkel, M., Bastian, S., Birmili, W., Weinhold, K., Löschau, G., and Wiedensohler, A.: A concept of an automated function control for ambient aerosol measurements using mobility particle size spectrometers, Atmos.Pfeifer, S., Birmili, W., Schladitz, A., Müller, T., Nowak, A., and Wiedensohler, A.: A fast and easy-to-implement inversion algorithm for mobility particle size spectrometers considering particle number size distribution information outside of the detection range, Atmos.et al.: Mobility particle size spectrometers: harmonization of technical standards and data structure to facilitate high quality long-term observations of atmospheric particle number size distributions, Atmos. Wiedensohler, A., Birmili, W., Nowak, A., Sonntag, A., Weinhold, K.